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Transition SectionĪfter a relatively high threshold section of the lighting level, the lighting level in the tunnel can be gradually reduced to a very low level, and this gradually decreasing area is the transition section.
Germn stage lighting design drivers#
This is because the road at the far end of this section should be used as a background for drivers who are about to enter the tunnel beyond the safe braking distance to see the obstacles clearly. The length of the entrance section depends on the maximum speed of the tunnel design, at least equal to the braking distance (SSD) at the maximum speed. Drivers driving in the approaching section must be able to see the road conditions at the entrance before entering the tunnel to eliminate the “black hole” phenomenon. The entrance section is the first section of the four sections of the tunnel. In the daytime, due to the strong contrast between the high brightness of the environment outside the entrance and the low brightness of the tunnel, and also due to the driver’s temporary visual impact on the bright environment, a tunnel entrance with insufficient lighting will cause people to have a “black hole effect” and any details inside the tunnel cannot be seen.
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This is also the stage of the driver’s visual adjustment, which determines the illumination requirements of the tunnel entrance and tunnel entrance section.
Germn stage lighting design driver#
The approach section refers to a section of road outside the tunnel entrance, where the driver must be able to see the objects in the tunnel clearly. Illumination characteristics of tunnels on different road sections Approach segment Taking into account the adaptation of the human eye, the entrance lighting is gradually reduced, and national lighting with different illuminance levels is set. Generally, the lighting level inside the tunnel is relatively low, and it is impossible to compare with the outside. To solve the above problems, tunnel lighting is divided into entrance lighting, interior lighting and exit lighting. In order for the driver to clearly see the small car in the shadow of the big car in front under the bright exit background, and to leave the exit to have a good backward vision, the exit needs to be illuminated. Suddenly a bright source appears ahead, which will produce strong glare, so that the driver cannot see the road conditions clearly, and it is very prone to car accidents. The vision problem at the exit of the tunnel is in a very dark environment. The light of the car headlamp is absorbed and scattered by the smoke to form a light curtain, which reduces the distance between the front obstacle and the background (road surface, wall) Brightness contrast, thereby reducing the visibility of obstacles. Inside the tunnel, the exhaust gas from the car dispatched by the car gathers in the tunnel to form smoke. In a short tunnel, a “black frame” appears in front of the driver.Įxternal high brightness, low entrance brightness, stray light in the air, affecting the brightness of the windshield-a visual phenomenon that can occur when entering the tunnel, from the bright outside into a darker tunnel, because the driver’s vision needs a certain adaptation time (Dark adaptation of vision), so he can’t see the situation inside the tunnel quickly. Visual problems before entering the tunnel: In a long tunnel, the driver sees a dark hole. The Characteristics of Tunnel Visual Phenomenaĭuring the day, the driver enters the tunnel until exits the tunnel, and will encounter many visual problems.
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